Towards a Strategic View of the Primaries?

For now in the race for 2008 the focus is squarely on the early primary states, especially Iowa. This is not unnatural, since there's much more in the way of polling data for the earlier primaries and caucuses and they proved so decisive in 2004.

Nevertheless, none of the top three are likely to have dropped out by February 5th and it's entirely possible that some of the lower tier candidates could still be competing, especially if they do better than expected.

With this in mind, it's worth taking a look at the primary calendar and the delegates each state hands out so as to see whether there are any particular strategies that might prove useful to complete a victory or recover from a defeat in an earlier state.

Excuse the abominably ugly picture, it's the product of a Google image search and mucking about with Paint. Yes, it may make your eyes bleed, but I thought a visual aid might help. Provided you clear away the blood, naturally.

Iowa, NH, Nevada, SC and Florida all have their own colours. We don't know exactly when they'll be, but Chris' most recent guess seems to make sense.

The states in red are those holding their primaries on February 5th. This is also based off Chris' post. A commenter mentioned RI was moving forward, but for now I'm assuming it's going to be held on March 4th. I have my doubts about the likelihood of its 21 unpledged delegates deciding the winner anyway. From February 5th-12th there are local caucuses for Democrats abroad, but I can't mark that on the map and there are only seven unpledged delegates available from these events anyway.

Those in purple are holding their primaries or caucuses on February 9th. Not shown in DC, because it's too small.

That shade of puce green, like dog vomit on a carpet, is used for those states selecting candidates after the 9th but before 20th February.

Orange represents those states currently intending to select delegates on March 4th (except Georgia and Conneticut, since it looks like they'll move to February 5th). Finally, the rest have a white background and seemingly don't harbour any ambition to influence who the Democrats pick as their candidate in 2008.

If you look at the map a few patterns start to emerge. In addition to this, however, you need to consider how many delegates they provide. There's a cumulative total of delegates available here, but it doesn't distinguish between pledged and unpledged delegates. Unpledged delegate totals are roughly proportional to state size, but remembering the relative populations of all fifty states is somewhat difficult, so here's a quick list of delegate counts and a running total by date:

Pre-February 5th
Iowa: 45
New Hampshire: 22
Nevada: 25
South Carolina: 45
Florida: 185
Running total: 322
February 5th
Alabama: 52
Alaska: 13
Arizona: 56
Arkansas: 35
California: 370
Colorado: 55
Connecticut: 48
Delaware: 15
Democrats Abroad: 7
Georgia: 87
Idaho: 18
Illinois: 153
Missouri: 72
New Jersey: 107
New Mexico: 26
New York: 232
North Carolina: 91
North Dakota: 13
Oklahoma: 38
Tennessee: 68
Utah: 23
Running total: 1901
February 9th
D.C.: 15
Louisiana: 56
Michigan: 128
Nebraska: 24
Washington: 78
Running total: 2202
February 10th-19th
Maine (10th): 24
Maryland (12th): 70
Virginia (12th): 83
Hawaii (19th): 20
Wisconsin (19th): 74
Running total: 2473
March 4th
Massachusetts: 93
Minnesota: 72
Ohio: 141
Rhode Island: 21
Texas: 193
Vermont: 15
Running total: 3008
Late
Wyoming (8th March): 12
Mississippi (11th March): 33
Kansas (1st April): 32
Pennsylvania (22nd April): 151
Indiana (6th May): 66
West Virginia (6th May): 26
Kentucky (20th May): 47
Oregon (20th May): 48
Montana (3rd June): 15
South Dakota (3rd June): 14
Final total: 3452

Looking at these figures, one can see that the effect of the early primaries is all in the media. Even with Florida in the mix, only 9.3% of unpledged delegates will be assigned befor Super-Tuesday. By February 6th, 55.1% will be assigned.

A campaign which is behind on Super-Tuesday but gets good press or the support of a withdrawing candidate might be able to keep above water and hold out for March 4th, when 15.5% of delegates will be assigned, but after that more than 87% of delegates will already be pledged to one candidate or another and there will either be a winner already or its the unpledged delegates who will hold the key.

So, what potential collections of states are there that a candidate might pursue?

Well, on Super-Tuesday, there appear to me to be three different geographical areas in which candidates can focus their efforts.

Firstly, one could try a western strategy. Even with California, states west of the farm belt provide little more than a third of the delegates on offer, but there are six states there (plus Alaska, but they really should not have scheduled a primary then if they wanted any attention), so if one could take most of those, that should grant some momentum. Of course, whether you could appeal both to California Democrats and Democrats in Utah and Idaho is another matter.

Secondly, a southern strategy is just about possible. If Georgia or North Carolina were to pull out of Super-Tuesday, it'd be less viable and Arkansas might be a tough nut to crack because of its Clinton links, but there are six southern states plus Missouri up for grabs. That's a total of 443 delegates. I'm not sure what the primary electorates are like in those states, but control of the black vote could prove crucial here. If Obama or Clinton secures it many of these states would probably be theirs for the taking. If it's evenly split, it's all up in the air, particularly if any candidate can get a near monopoly on southern white Democrats (Edwards seems the most likely candidate there).

Finally, dominance in the NYC area could probably bring Connecticut, New Jersey and New York into a candidate's camp. I'd guess local links make Clinton strongest here. It provides neither huge amounts of delegates nor many states but if combined with, say, California it'd give a candidate a crushing victory and just those three states on their own would allow a candidate to stay in the game.

The February 9th elections will likely be heavily influenced by media reaction to Super-Tuesday. They're geographically and politically separated from one another and only Michigan provides much in the way of delegates. That would provide the best hope of a way back for Edwards if he's lagging, but it wouldn't surprise me if the other candidates hang around the D.C. area both for media purposes and because the Maryland and Virginia primaries take place on the 12th.

After this, there's a bit of peace. On the 19th it seems likely Wisconsin will be targeted more than Hawaii, because it's a swing state, more accessible and offers more delegates. Then we enter, if the candidates haven't begun so before that, the run-up to the March 4th contests, when any race that's still going on is likely to be settled.

March 4th has the delegate-rich and safe Republican state of Texas, the reasonably populous mid-west swing states of Ohio and Minnesota and a trio of New England states (assuming Rhode Island hasn't already gone). Massachusetts is the only one of the three to provide many delegates, however, and it's doubtful how much of an advantage can be gained by winning two small and heavily-Democratic states.

There are still 10 primaries/caucuses after this, but the only one to provide more than 70 delegates is Pennsylvania. I really can't see there still being a competitive race going on by this time, and if there is then the comparatively small amount of delegates left at stake won't swing it one way or the other anyway.

So, using this information, how would you plot a path to the nomination for your chosen candidate? Are there any regional primaries I've missed? No, Indiana and Kentucky does not count. Is anybody especially favoured by the order? Hell, is any of this even relevant or are Democratics too homogenous nationally for there to be much of a regional divide?

Comments, criticisms, observations and accusations of secret agendas welcomed.



Display:


Re: Towards a Strategic View of the Primaries? (none / 0)

Edwards has to hope that winning the first three will propel him to a win (or at least a strong second) in CA. I think he'd have it then because if he does win the first three, I think he will win all the southern states.


by adamterando on Wed May 30, 2007 at 06:31:55 PM EST

Minor Quibble... (none / 0)

Southern states have a disproportionally large number of African-American voters in the Democratic primary (as much as 50%).  In recent polls (such as SC), 95% of that vote goes to Clinton or Obama.  That's a steep hill to climb.


by rashomon on Wed May 30, 2007 at 06:39:39 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Minor Quibble... (none / 0)

I don't suppose you know if there's anywhere to get information on demographics of likely Democratic primary voters? Or just citizens of particular states, for that matter.


Visit Forgotten Countries, my new foreign policy-based blog
by Englishlefty on Wed May 30, 2007 at 06:54:02 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Minor Quibble... (none / 0)

www.census.gov has everything you need for general information on demographics (including percentage of population over 18).

As far as voter characteristics, not sure how to get that on a state level. The secretary of state websites might have something.


by adamterando on Wed May 30, 2007 at 07:19:14 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Good sources (none / 0)

Exit polls should have data on the ethnic breakdown of voters, but who does exit polls of primaries?

You can do some of your own back-of-the-envelope calculations. The census will tell you how many voting age blacks in a state. The Secretary of State's office will have a figure for registered voters, and the number of votes in recent elections. Assume 90% of Southern blacks vote Democratic. Play with these numbers to get a rough guess on number of Democratic voters who are black. Subtract this number from the total Democratic voters for a rough number of the white Democratics. If you find a better method, let us know!

What I've read about South Carolina is a pretty rough guess. Figure Democrats get 40%-45% of the vote there. Blacks are 25% or 30% of the total population of the state. If 90% of the blacks who vote will do so in the Democratic primary, they could be half or more of that electorate.

But predicting primary turnout is very hard. Predicting, or polling, how people will vote when there is a black candidate and a woman candidate and . . . oh my!


by Woody on Wed May 30, 2007 at 08:49:27 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Good sources (none / 0)

It's a good start, although it gets more difficult when you factor in Hispanic voters, who are generally Democratic but not by such a wide (or such a consistent) margin and when you try to estimate timing. And then there's consideration of variant rates of turnout in different ethnic and economic groups...


Visit Forgotten Countries, my new foreign policy-based blog
by Englishlefty on Wed May 30, 2007 at 09:17:53 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Minor Quibble... (none / 0)

I agree. But my theory is that he would get some sort of bounce from hypothetically winning Iowa and NH. And given his already fairly decent showing and roots in the south, I think he could then run the table across the south (obviously NC would already be in the bag on Feb. 5, and he's still doing very well in OK).

But yes, it will be a tough hill to climb, unless one of the top two stumbles before the first primary .


by adamterando on Wed May 30, 2007 at 07:21:10 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Towards a Strategic View of the Primaries? (none / 0)

After Feb 5 Hillary will have it secured.


by sterkt on Wed May 30, 2007 at 06:40:54 PM EST

Re: Towards a Strategic View of the Primaries? (3.00 / 2)

Is this the word from God on high, or was there a rational thought process preceding that conclusion?

If the latter, would you care to share that with us? If the former, put in a good word for me next time you see him.


Visit Forgotten Countries, my new foreign policy-based blog
by Englishlefty on Wed May 30, 2007 at 06:52:38 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Towards a Strategic View of the Primaries? (none / 0)

After the 5th she will have won NH, NV, FL, CA, NY, NJ, etc.


by sterkt on Wed May 30, 2007 at 07:07:22 PM EST

Re: A Strategic View? (none / 0)

If Edwards is still in third place come January, he absolutely MUST WIN one and probably TWO of the first five caucus/primary states. He needs the early headlines, "Edwards Wins ..." to remain viable. Otherwise the media will forget him.

Even if he wins Iowa, the chattering class may dismiss it, saying he lead all along, since 2004, let's move on to the next story. So he'll need a second WIN. In fact, he'd probably be better off coming in second in Iowa and taking first place in one or two others by surprise. If he wins Florida, or even Nevada, that would make some big news.

Without strong early momentum coming out of the first five contests, Edwards will be in deep trouble. If Hillary and Obama continue to have much more money to spend than he does, he's in trouble in the big, expensive media states. And if Hillary and Obama continue to dominate the black vote, he's in trouble in Alabama and Georgia.

If I were on the Edwards team, I'd be doing the math to see how he could take Florida. Start with the Panhandle old-fashioned Southern Democrats who still vote Democratic in local races but Repub for Congress and the President; they might vote in the Democratic primary in counties where local races for Sheriff or whatever drew them to the polls, and they won't vote for Hillary or Obama while there. Then add other pieces if possible.

I know that TX and NYC, Hispanics are not always firmly behind black politicians, despite the common tendency to lump them together as minorities. So Obama may not get all the voters of color in FL. And I'm not sure how well a woman candidate will fare in a group where macho values are so strong. Of course, some whites may still be worrying that a black or a woman candidate can not win in November. With the retirees, Edwards  can try to look like the son they are proud of. Other voters may be drawn to Edwards by his good hair and good positions on the issues. And not forgetting that Elizabeth Edwards grew up in FL.

Then if, and it's a big IF, Edwards gets his win in FL, he has to head out to California. The chattering class will try to dismiss even an Edwards victory in Florida as merely "regional." So he'll need another big one outside the South. That probably won't be Illinois, or NY or NJ, so that leaves CA.

Yeah, he could work on Colorado and Missouri -- and Tennessee, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, Southern states where blacks are actually not a big share of the voters -- to try to grab a bunch of delegates. And if he can't carry NC without a huge effort, forget it. But winning even 6 or 8 or 10 smaller states would not get the make-or-break headline value of winning the biggest one. Face it. Nobody cares who carries Oklahoma. Nobody. Ask Wesley Clark.

So Edwards should go for broke, bet all his time and all his money in the Golden State. If he's lucky, Hillary and Obama will both still be drawing 30% or so of the vote and he can win there with 35%. That would keep him in the race, maybe put him in the lead.

But I really expect that by Valentine's Day we will have picked a Sweetheart (male or female, I ain't sayin') and the primaries will be over.

Meanwhile, it's a long way from here to there, with many a slip between the cup and the lip.


by Woody on Wed May 30, 2007 at 09:55:10 PM EST

Free media from wins will dwarf money. (none / 0)

Nobody will have the kind of money it takes to blanket the airwaves in the huge Feb. 5 states. That's why you will see them all spend their money trying to win Iowa, N.H., Nevada and S.C. The free media you get from winning will easily drown out any media buys in California or N.Y.


John Edwards 2008
by MeanBoneII on Thu May 31, 2007 at 01:26:37 PM EST
[ Parent ]


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